1，老者的自述

年岁不饶人，青丝变白条。老气横秋，气短神衰。
人老而经验不老，人老而教训也丰。人老而智慧不足，人老而谋略不彰。一日一日，人愈老则愈与自身南辕北辙矣。

Oracle中删除表中相同记录的分析

分两种情况：

1，删除所有字段均相同的行：

create table tablexxx as (select * from tableyyy group by col1,col2,col3…)

drop table tableyyy

create table tableyyy as (select * from tablexxx)

drop table tablexxx

2，表中有id列，删除另一字段name取值相同的行：

delete b where id not in 

 (

    select min(id) from B  

    group by name

)

                

摘要：oracle sequences的一些资料展示给大家。。。　查看全文

一、前言：

Java的开源项目太多太多了。这种遍地开花的局面绝对赶得上中国五代十国时期的“百家争鸣”、“百花争艳”的繁荣。使用java技术，我们的项目几乎不需要购买有关java支撑开发产品，只需把一个一个开源产品经过架构师的手，合理搭配和拼接，就能做出灵活性佳、性能不错的商业产品来。

无疑， 作为一个流行的日志记录工具，Log4j是java开源项目中最闪亮的环节之一。笔者所见的java项目，十九都采用了Log4j，究其原因，我认为有以下几点：

a）Log4j受大多数web应用服务器的拥护：以我目前所知，tomcat，weblogic，websphere，jboss都支持log4j。

b）快速，功能强大：Log4J配置文件实现了输出到控制台、文件、回滚文件、发送日志邮件、输出到数据库日志表、自定义标签等全套功能。在速度上，从log4j一开始出现，注重运行的速度就一直放在首位，并且坚持不懈地进行着改进和完善。

c）使用简单、方便：只需要导入一个简单的log4j-1.2.x.jar，然后在程序类的开头写上下面一句private final static Logger log =Logger.getLogger(ClassName.class);

这样你就得到了一个日志对象log，可以轻松往特定目标写日志了。

二、为什么需要Log4j？---项目的调试是log4j产生的内在驱动力

原始的方法是：把信息输出到屏幕（console），利用JDK提供的System.out.println。但是，这样做的坏处是显而易见的：

a）信息的输出不够灵活，并且繁琐。比如，要输出执行处的文件名，行数，当前时间等，println显得很原始。
b）如果要改变输出的内容和格式，需要重新编译源程序。
c）更严重的是，如果程序中有很多的println，会严重的影响程序的性能。

三、Log4j使用的几个关键点？

??根记录器（Logger），输出端（appenders）和布局（layouts）

a）定义根记录器的格式为

log4j.rootLogger = [ level ], appendName1, appendName2, …appendNameN。同一个记录器可有多个输出端。

PS：level的级别（此级别可以自定义，系统默认提供了以下级别）

◆debug//调试信息

◆info//一般信息

◆warn//警告信息

◆error//错误信息

◆fatal//致命错误信息

上面列出的就是所谓log4j的输出级别，log4j建议只使用4个级别，它们从上到下分别为ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG，假设你定义的级别是info，那么error和warn的日志可以显示而比他低的debug信息就不显示了。

b）定义一个appender的输出目的地的格式为

log4j.appender.appenderName = fully.qualified.name.of.appender.class。log4j提供了以下几种常用的输出目的地：
◆org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender，将日志信息输出到控制台
◆org.apache.log4j.FileAppender，将日志信息输出到一个文件
◆org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender，将日志信息输出到一个，并且每天输出到一个新的日志文件
◆org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender，将日志信息输出到一个文件，通过指定文件的的尺寸，当文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候会自动把文件改名，如名为example.log的文件会改名为 example.log.1，同时产生一个新的example.log文件。如果新的文件再次达到指定尺寸，又会自动把文件改名为 example.log.2，同时产生一个example.log文件。依此类推，直到example.log. MaxBackupIndex， MaxBackupIndex的值可在配置文件中定义。
◆org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender，将日志信息以流格式发送到任意指定的地方。
◆org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender，通过JDBC把日志信息输出到数据库中。

c）输出格式（布局）layout

Log4j提供了一下几种布局：

◆org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout，以HTML表格形式布局
◆org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout，可以灵活地指定布局模式
◆org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout，包含日志信息的级别和信息字符串

定义一个PatternLayout布局的语句为：

log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1} - %m%n

PS：ConversionPattern参数的格式含义
格式名 含义
%c 输出日志信息所属的类的全名
%d 输出日志时间点的日期或时间，默认格式为ISO8601，也可以在其后指定格式，比如：%d{yyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss }，输出类似：2002-10-18- 22：10：28
%f 输出日志信息所属的类的类名
%l 输出日志事件的发生位置，即输出日志信息的语句处于它所在的类的第几行
%m 输出代码中指定的信息，如log(message)中的message
%n 输出一个回车换行符，Windows平台为“\r\n”，Unix平台为“\n”
%p 输出优先级，即DEBUG，INFO，WARN，ERROR，FATAL。如果是调用debug()输出的，则为DEBUG，依此类推
%r 输出自应用启动到输出该日志信息所耗费的毫秒数
%t 输出产生该日志事件的线程名

四、log4j的配置文件??log4j.properties或者log4j.xml

a）有几种方式可以配置Log4J

◆在程序中调用BasicConfigurator.configure()方法；
◆配置放在文件里，通过命令行参数传递文件名字，通过

PropertyConfigurator.configure(args[x])解析并配置；
◆配置放在文件里，通过环境变量传递文件名等信息，利用log4j默认的初始化过程解析并配置；
◆配置放在文件里，通过应用服务器配置传递文件名等信息，利用一个特殊的servlet来完成配置。

b）配置文件的初始化：

通过应用服务器完成初始化

通过servlet辅助完成初始化

c）一个log4j.properties文件示例

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout, logfile

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n

log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=/webserver/specialTraining3/wangzj.log
log4j.appender.logfile.MaxFileSize=51200KB

log4j.appender.logfile.MaxBackupIndex=3
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n

五、用log4j来演练一个例子

Web.xml文件：

version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

web-app

PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"

"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd">

Test

com.webage.servlets.MyServlet

Test

/MyServlet

MyServlet

Log4j.properties文件：

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, ROOT

log4j.appender.ROOT=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender

log4j.appender.ROOT.File=E:\wangzj\myapplication.log

log4j.appender.ROOT.MaxFileSize=1000KB

log4j.appender.ROOT.MaxBackupIndex=5

log4j.appender.ROOT.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.ROOT.layout.ConversionPattern=[%d] %t %c %-5p - %m%n

ootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE,A1,im
log4j.addivity.org.apach

MyModel.java文件：

package com.webage.model;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class MyModel {

static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyModel.class);;

public void checkValid(String name, String value) throws Exception {

logger.debug("ENTRY");

logger.debug("检查参数: " + name);

if (value == null) {

throw new Exception("缺少参数。");

}

if (value.trim().length() == 0) {

throw new Exception("参数空。");

}

logger.debug("EXIT");

}

}

MyServlet.java

package com.webage.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import com.webage.model.MyModel;

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServlet.class);

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)

throws ServletException, IOException {

logger.debug("ENTRY");

MyModel model = new MyModel();

resp.getWriter().println("

Log4J测试

");

try {

model.checkValid("firstName", req.getParameter("firstName"));

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.error("doGet出现错误.", e);

}

logger.debug("EXIT");

}

public void init() throws ServletException {

super.init();

logger.info("Servlet初始化...");

}

}

需要两个jar包：servlet.jar和log4j-1.2.9.jar。

准备就绪，运行之于tomcat或者weblogic，笔者暂用weblogic代之。每当运行Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServlet.class);时即生成E:\wangzj\myapplication.log文件。

Happy~~~~！

六、其它一点实用性资料??网上摘抄而来，具体哪里忘了

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE,A1,im
log4j.addivity.org.apache=true


# 应用于控制台

log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n
#log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=[start]%d{DATE}[DATE]%n%p[PRIORITY]%n%x[NDC]%n%t[THREAD] n%c[CATEGORY]%n%m[MESSAGE]%n%n


#应用于文件

log4j.appender.FILE=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.FILE.File=file.log //相对路径和绝对路径
log4j.appender.FILE.Append=false
log4j.appender.FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n
# Use this layout for LogFactor 5 analysis



# 应用于文件回滚

log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.Threshold=ERROR
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.File=rolling.log
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.Append=true
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.MaxFileSize=10KB
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.MaxBackupIndex=1
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.ROLLING_FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n


#应用于socket
log4j.appender.SOCKET=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.SOCKET.RemoteHost=localhost
log4j.appender.SOCKET.Port=5001
log4j.appender.SOCKET.LocationInfo=true
# Set up for Log Facter 5
log4j.appender.SOCKET.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.SOCET.layout.ConversionPattern=[start]%d{DATE}[DATE]%n%p[PRIORITY]%n%x[NDC]%n%t[THREAD]%n%c[CATEGORY]%n%m[MESSAGE]%n%n


# Log Factor 5 Appender
log4j.appender.LF5_APPENDER=org.apache.log4j.lf5.LF5Appender
log4j.appender.LF5_APPENDER.MaxNumberOfRecords=2000



# 发送日志给邮件

log4j.appender.MAIL=org.apache.log4j.net.SMTPAppender
log4j.appender.MAIL.Threshold=FATAL
log4j.appender.MAIL.BufferSize=10
log4j.appender.MAIL.From=web@www.wuset.com
log4j.appender.MAIL.SMTPHost=www.wusetu.com
log4j.appender.MAIL.Subject=Log4J Message
log4j.appender.MAIL.To=web@www.wusetu.com
log4j.appender.MAIL.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.MAIL.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n



# 用于数据库
log4j.appender.DATABASE=org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender
log4j.appender.DATABASE.URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
log4j.appender.DATABASE.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
log4j.appender.DATABASE.user=root
log4j.appender.DATABASE.password=
log4j.appender.DATABASE.sql=INSERT INTO LOG4J (Message) VALUES ('[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n')
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n


log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.A1.File=SampleMessages.log4j
log4j.appender.A1.DatePattern=yyyyMMdd-HH'.log4j'
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.xml.XMLLayout

#自定义Appender

log4j.appender.im = net.cybercorlin.util.logger.appender.IMAppender

log4j.appender.im.host = mail.cybercorlin.net
log4j.appender.im.username = username
log4j.appender.im.password = password
log4j.appender.im.recipient = corlin@cybercorlin.net

log4j.appender.im.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.im.layout.ConversionPattern =[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n

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Velocity例子学习

Web.xml:
<web-app>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name> 
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.velocity.tools.view.servlet.VelocityViewServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>org.apache.velocity.toolbox</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/toolbox.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>10</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.vm</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.vm</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app> 

---

toolbox.xml:
<toolbox>
  <xhtml>false</xhtml>
  <tool>
     <key>toytool</key>
     <class>ToyTool</class>
  </tool>
  <data type="number">
    <key>version</key>
    <value>1.1</value>
  </data>
  <data type="boolean">
    <key>isSimple</key>
    <value>true</value>
  </data>
  <data type="string">
    <key>foo</key>
    <value>this is foo.</value>
  </data>
  <data type="string">
    <key>bar</key>
    <value>this is bar.</value>
  </data>
  <tool>
    <key>map</key>
    <class>java.util.HashMap</class>
  </tool>
  <tool>
    <key>date</key>
    <scope>application</scope>
    <class>org.apache.velocity.tools.generic.DateTool</class>
  </tool>
</toolbox>
经toolbox.xml设置后，index.xm就可以直接通过类似$XHTML的方式进行访问了。
 

---

index.vm:
<html>
<body>
I'm a velocity template.

#if( $XHTML )
  #set( $br = "<br />" )
#else
  #set( $br = "<br>" )
#end

$br
$br

Here we use a custom tool: $toytool.message

$br
$br

Lets count : #foreach($i in [1..5])$i #end

$br
$br

Let's play with a hashmap:$br
first add foo: $map.put("foo",$foo)$br
then add bar: $map.put("bar",$bar)$br
$br
and that gives us $map

$br
$br

Here we get the date from the DateTool:  $date.medium

$br
$br

#if( $isSimple )
This is simple#if( $XHTML ) xhtml#end app version ${version}.
#end

</body>
</html>

---

ToyTool.java

public class ToyTool{
    private String message = "Hello from ToyTool!";

    public String getMessage()    {
        return message;
    }
   
    public void setMessage(String m)    {
        message = m;
    }

    /** To test exception handling in templates. */
    public boolean whine() {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }

}

---

Side note:
整个例子包含了6个jar文件
commons-beanutils.jar
commons-collections.jar
commons-digester.jar
commons-logging.jar
velocity-dep-1.3.1.jar
velocity-tools-view-1.1.jar

---

Velocity不同之处：
Velocity可直接访问其私有变量：如刚才访问的message属性即为private型。另外，Velocity不仅可以访问property，同时也可访问method。

一个web.xml示例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>

  <servlet>

    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>

    <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>config</param-name>

      <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>debug</param-name>

      <param-value>2</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>detail</param-name>

      <param-value>2</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>validate</param-name>

      <param-value>true</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

  </servlet>

  <servlet>

    <servlet-name>dump</servlet-name>

    <display-name>DataDump</display-name>

    <servlet-class>course.demo.servlet.DataDump</servlet-class>

  </servlet>

  <servlet>

    <servlet-name>exam</servlet-name>

    <display-name>ControllerServlet</display-name>

    <servlet-class>hys.exam.servlet.ControllerServlet</servlet-class>

  </servlet>

  <servlet>

    <servlet-name>forum</servlet-name>

    <servlet-class>org.apache.velocity.demo.ControllerServlet</servlet-class>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>properties</param-name>

      <param-value>WEB-INF/velocity.properties</param-value>

    </init-param>

  </servlet>

  <servlet>

    <servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>

    <servlet-class>org.apache.velocity.tools.view.servlet.VelocityViewServlet</servlet-class>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>org.apache.velocity.properties</param-name>

      <param-value>/WEB-INF/velocity.properties</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <init-param>

      <param-name>org.apache.velocity.toolbox</param-name>

      <param-value>/WEB-INF/toolbox.xml</param-value>

    </init-param>

    <load-on-startup>10</load-on-startup>

  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>*.vm</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>dump</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>/dump</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>exam</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>/exam</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-name>forum</servlet-name>

    <url-pattern>forum</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

  <session-config>

    <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>

  </session-config>

  <welcome-file-list>

    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>

    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>

    <welcome-file>index.vm</welcome-file>

  </welcome-file-list>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/sslext.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/sslext.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-template.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-template.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <taglib>

    <taglib-uri>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-uri>

    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>

  </taglib>

  <resource-ref id="ResourceRef_1112438789750">

    <res-ref-name>jdbc/hysh</res-ref-name>

    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>

    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>

  </resource-ref>

</web-app>

<struts-config>
    <form-beans>
      <form-bean name="uploadForm" type="com.haoyisheng.exam.action.UploadForm" />  
    </form-beans>
    <action-mappings>
      <action name="cardForm" type="com.haoyisheng.exam.action.TxtToOraAction" validate="false" input="/error.jsp" scope="request" path="/txtToOraAction">
        <forward name="success" path="/ok.jsp" redirect="true" />
        <forward name="errorUpload" path="errorUpload.jsp" redirect="true" />
      </action>
    </action-mappings>
</struts-config>

http://publishblog.blogdriver.com/blog/tb.b?diaryID=855297

翻译文档：

What will PROFInet provide?

These things cause the open style standard to suit to automation based on the ethernet.

Today automated technology is receiving day by day influences by the information technology(IT),which has already established standards(for example TCP/IP and XML).

Author: Peter Wenzel

Because the information technology in the automated integration, appears many improvements between the automated system the mailing addresss, affects the profound disposition and the diagnosis no matter what chooses with the network scope service function together, is now developing.

From the beginning of these characteristics,they are the PROFInet’s holistic part.

PROFInet is the open style standard of Profrbss international (PI), it based on the industry ethernet, and being used in the industrial automation. The distributional automated implementation, the existing dispersible scene equipment integration, is complex, first considered the time factor the application procedure movement (for example movement control), to PROFInet said all is no problem.

Besides being used in IT, PROFInet also plays a vital role in protection investments. PROFInet can integrate the existing field bus system, like profibos do not need to change the existing equipments. Thus has protected the system, machine equipment manufacturer’s investments.

PROFInet absolutely satisfies the automated technology all requests. Has used the experience in the PROFInet standard which in the Profibos environment for many years has accumulated. The open style standard as well as equipments existing partial simple processing and the integration, from as soon as start had determined PROFInet the definition.

As a result of the PROFInet unceasing further development, provides the long-term prospect for the users. Regarding the equipment or the machine manufacturers that, using PROFInet to be possible to make the smallest cost which the installment, the project and goes into production. And to the system runners, because of each part of system is apart, so the system expansion will more convinenet and could guarantee that has the high level useable to the system.

Because PI has established a set of authentication procedures, thus can guarantee the PROFInet products the high grade standard.

PROFInet phase of development:

PROFInet’s first edition was promoted in spring,2001, it involved the part model, with the TCP/IP standard communications, as well as in the system scope the project which has nothing to do with with the dealers.

Thus, except question and so on outside network management and integration, PROFInet starts to indicate the real-time communication the important topic. The PROFInet real-time solution’s first step is promotes "Soft Real Time" (SRT). May achieve 5 with it to the 10ms cycle time. With these functions, PROFInet satisfies all models request which in the production automation realizes.

In March, 2003 PI started the second real-time phase of exploitation. The isochronism real-time solution (IRT) satisfies the related performance and the clock synchronization complex movement, the control application procedure request. The 1ms cycle time and is smaller than the 1ms vibration, are most may control 150 axes to use IRT, the PROFInet choice "five kind of ethernets", with it may achieve very many equipment and the very wide range network, protects the user and the manufacturer characteristic, the movement control uses, based on Profibus PROFIdrive guild regulations, in fact has not made the modification to implement in PROFInet.

The PROFInet integration solution’s biggest merit lies in its communication openness and scaleable.

PROFInet functional scope

The opening automated standard PROFInet stipulation function permission implementation whole automation solution, its scope matches the network installment and the project from the equipment and the system which buys for use, until production base and based on when World Wide Web's diagnosis movement corresponds. The PROFInet modular structure makes it to be specially easy to implement including the multi-purpose expansion. The existing field bus application procedure integration is carries on with the agent concept.

PROFInet is first based on the open ethernet system, provides one kind the project connection which has nothing to do with with the dealer. Through the equipment between correspondence connection graph disposition, permits in an independent system, the simple integration the equipment and the part which produces by the different manufacturer.

The automated technology development has caused the modular equipment and the machine. Is precisely because this kind of structure provides drive. Urges the automated technology further to develop, establishes the distributional automated system. For this goal, PROFInet provides one kind of solution, equipment each part decomposes Cheng Gezhong the technology module.